Which assessment is used to grade students and typically consists of tests, quizzes, and essays?

• A. Informal assessment
• B. Formative assessments
• C. Formal assessment
• D. Formal and Informal assessments

Answer: (C)

The main idea here is that formal assessment is a planned, standardized way to measure what students know and can do, with grades. It typically includes structured components such as tests, quizzes, and essays, all administered under consistent conditions and scored using clear rubrics. This setup makes it the primary method used for assigning final grades and comparing achievement across students and time. Informal assessments happen in everyday instruction and aren’t usually graded, while formative assessments are ongoing checks aimed at guiding learning rather than producing final marks. So, formal assessment best fits the description.